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Overview
Conflict Problems evolve - they are often not fixed in time or shape but mutate and transform. Once conflict problems emerge there is a dynamic liquidity that infuses the process and outcome.
The Unit presents the lineage of cartelisation that has infected the Finnish corporate landscape. It has involved the leading corporate players and should raise questions on the legitimacy of Finland as being one of the least corrupt countries.
D.2. Reading Look at this before doing the tasks to be found in No.7 in the dropdown menu. After which the Answer Key Pointers and Sources can be used to evaluate your answers to the tasks.
The real cartels are not run by those who show their faces but:
by the ones that are faceless
Think About:
“The incestuous relationship between government and big business thrives in the dark” – Jack Anderson
“We must not tolerate oppressive governments or industrial oligarchy in the form of monopolies and cartels" – Henry. A. Wallace
Materials Updates/News:
Periodically, materials will be updated, or there may be news items worthy of attention related to this Unit. They will be notified here. If you come across any news/resources, e.g. journal/newspaper articles relevant to the content of this website, please let me know. I can be contacted via the email address below.
Corruption
Some Finnish examples: Salora Tax Evasion 1977; Juhantalo 1994; Election Finance 1994; Tiura Novea Election Scandal 2009; Hidden Party Funds 2011; Greenpeace Hautala 2013.
Check out CMI U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre
Finnish football had a systemic problem with corruption a few decades ago, it resurfaces periodically: Yle. 31.7.24. Finnish football club suspected of criminal involvement.
Democratic Threat: Yle. 27.2.25. Researchers: Hidden election funding a threat to Finnish democracy.
Yle. 24.6.25. Survey: Financial crime probes double in decade while recoveries drop.
Yle 19.6.25. Professor queries Oliver Stubb´s traineeship.
Yle 17.6.25. Kela spent 11K euros on boss´ retirement parties.
Cartels
Günsberg, P. (2015). Criminalising Business Cartels in Europe - A Comparative Perspective. PhD Faculty of Law, Helsinki University.
Fellman, M., & Shanahan, M. (2020). Beyond the market: broader perspectives in cartel research. Scandinavian Economic History Review. 68(3): 195-203.
In 2007 the Finnish blue chip company Kone was hit with a record EU fine for a cartel at the time.
Yle.24.6.2008. Kone faces another fine in EU Cartel case.
Dunne, N. (2014). It never rains but it pours? Liability for umbrella effect in EU competition law after Kone. Common Market Law Review. 51(6).: 1813-1828.
Yle. 15.12.22. Building managment cartel firms fined millions.
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